BAKU, Azerbaijan (AP) 鈥� United Nations stuttered to a start Monday with more than nine hours of backroom bickering over what should be on the agenda for the next two weeks. It then turned to the main issue: money.
In Baku, Azerbaijan, where the world鈥檚 first oil well was drilled and the smell of the fuel was noticeable outdoors, the talks were more about the smell of money 鈥� in huge amounts. Countries are negotiating how rich nations can pay up so poor countries can reduce carbon pollution by transitioning away from fossil fuels and toward clean energy, compensate for climate disasters and adapt to future extreme weather.
In order to try to start the 12 days of talks, called COP29, with a win, Monday's session seemed to find a resolution to a nagging financial issue about trading carbon pollution rights 鈥� one that has eluded negotiators for years. It could free up to $250 billion in spending a year to help poor nations, said new COP29 president, Mukhtar Babayev.
But Erika Lennon, Center for International Environmental Law鈥檚 Senior Attorney, warned that pushing through resolutions this early in the conference 鈥渨ithout discussion or debate, sets a dangerous precedent for the entire negotiation process.鈥�
When it comes to discussions on finance, the amount of money being talked about to help poor nations could be as high as $1.3 trillion a year. That's the need in the developing world, according to African nations, which have produced 7% of the heat-trapping gases in the air but have faced multiple climate crises, from to .
Whatever amount the nations come up with would replace an old agreement that had a goal of $100 billion a year. Richer nations have wanted numbers closer to that figure. If an agreement is struck, money is likely to come from a variety of sources including grants, loans and private finance.
鈥淭hese numbers may sound big but they are nothing compared to the cost of inaction,鈥� Babayev, said as he took over.
Signs of climate disasters abound
This year, the world is on pace for in human civilization.
A goal of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) since pre-industrial times was set in the Paris Agreement in 2015. But that's about two or three decades, not one year of that amount of warming and 鈥渋t is not possible, simply not possible,鈥� to abandon the 1.5 goal yet, said World Meteorological Organization Secretary-General Celeste Saulo.
The effects of climate change in disasters such as hurricanes, droughts and floods are already here and hurting, Babayev said.
鈥淲e are on the road to ruin,鈥� he said. 鈥淲hether you see them or not, people are suffering in the shadows. They are dying in the dark. And they need more than compassion. More than prayers and paperwork. They are crying out for leadership and action.鈥�
United Nations Climate Secretary Simon Stiell, whose home island of , used the story of his neighbor, an 85-year-old named Florence, to help find 鈥渁 way out of this mess.鈥�
Her home was demolished and Florence focused one thing: 鈥淏eing strong for her family and for her community. There are people like Florence in every country on Earth. Knocked down, and getting back up again.鈥�
That鈥檚 what the world must do with climate change, Stiell said.
A backdrop of war and upheaval hangs over talks
In the past year, nation after nation has seen political upheaval, with the latest being in the United States 鈥� the largest historic carbon emitter 鈥� and Germany, a climate leading nation.
The , who disputes climate change and its impact, and the collapse of the are altering climate negotiation dynamics here, experts said.
鈥淭he global north needs to be cutting emissions even faster ... but instead we鈥檝e got Trump, we鈥檝e got a German government that just fell apart because part of it wanted to be even slightly ambitious (on climate action),鈥� said Imperial College London climate scientist Friederike Otto. 鈥淲e are very far off.鈥�
Initially, Azerbaijan organizers hoped to have nations across the globe stop fighting during the negotiations. That didn't happen as wars in Ukraine, Gaza and elsewhere continued.
Dozens of climate activists at the conference 鈥� many of them wearing Palestinian kaffiyehs 鈥� held up banners calling for climate justice and for nations to 鈥渟top fueling genocide.鈥�
鈥淚t's the same systems of oppression and discrimination that are putting people on the frontlines of climate change and putting people on the front lines of conflict in Palestine,鈥� said Lise Masson, a protester from Friends of the Earth International. She slammed the United States, the U.K. and the EU for not spending more on climate finance while also supplying arms to Israel.
Mohammed Ursof, a climate activist from Gaza, called for the world to 鈥済et power back to the Indigenous, power back to the people.鈥�
Jacob Johns, a Hopi and Akimel O鈥檕dham community organizer, came to the conference with hope for a better world.
鈥淲ithin sight of the destruction lies the seed of creation,鈥� he said at a panel about Indigenous people鈥檚 hopes for climate action. 鈥淲e have to realize that we are not citizens of one nation, we are the Earth.鈥�
Hopes for a strong financial outcome
The financial package being hashed out at this year's talks is important because every nation has until early next year to submit new 鈥� and presumably stronger 鈥� targets for curbing emissions of heat-trapping gases from the burning of coal, oil and natural gas.
How much money is on the table could inform how ambitious some nations can be with their climate plans.
Some Pacific climate researchers said that the amount of money on offer was not the biggest problem for small island nations, which are some of the world鈥檚 most imperiled by rising seas.
鈥淭here might be funding out there, but to get access to this funding for us here in the Pacific is quite an impediment,鈥� said Hilda Sakiti-Waqa, from the University of the South Pacific in Fiji. 鈥淭he Pacific really needs a lot of technical help in order to put together these applications.鈥�
And despite the stalled start, there was still a sense of optimism.
鈥淢y experience right now is that countries are really here to negotiate,鈥� said German climate envoy Jennifer Morgan.
鈥淲e cannot leave Baku without a substantial outcome,鈥� Stiell said. 鈥淣ow is the time to show that global cooperation is not down for the count. It is rising to the moment.鈥�
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Associated Press reporter Charlotte Graham-McLay in Wellington, New Zealand contributed.
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Seth Borenstein, Melina Walling And Sibi Arasu, The Associated Press
