A has pummeled much of the U.S. from Kansas to the East Coast, leaving many Americans to dig out of the blizzard 鈥� including farmers. with the polar air expected to continue to grip some places until at least Friday.
Farmers always watch the weather, but depending on where they're located and what they produce, winter always presents mental challenges for growers, said Carolyn Olson, an organic farmer in southwestern Minnesota who is also vice president of the Minnesota Farm Bureau Federation Board of Directors.
Producers know that the timing and amount of winter moisture affect farming conditions for the rest of the year. It's also a time for planning ahead 鈥� something ramps up variability in snowfall, rainfall and other weather conditions that can make or break an operation.
鈥淭hey鈥檙e doing that stressful part of making those decisions on how they鈥檙e going to farm this year, what they鈥檙e going to grow,鈥� Olson said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 just a lot of pressure on agriculture at this time of the year."
Livestock producers dealing with 鈥榞enerational storm鈥�
Biting wind and big drifts from almost a whole year's average snowfall in a single storm are hitting farmers in some parts of Kansas 鈥渋n ways that we haven鈥檛 seen in this area for a very, very long time, potentially a lifetime,鈥� said Chip Redmond, a meteorologist at Kansas State University . It includes an index of heat and cold that a farmer can use 鈥� along with their knowledge of their animals' age, coat, overall health and so forth 鈥� to watch for situations when they may need to get animals out of dangerous areas.
The risk is real: Calves, especially, can die when temperatures slip below zero. And so much snow in rural areas can keep farmers from reaching herds with food and water, Redmond said.
That means preparing by moving animals and having a plan to care for them ahead of time is key 鈥� which is harder due to the unpredictability of climate change. And not having the right experience or infrastructure to prepare is 鈥渞eally, really stressful on producers,鈥� Redmond said.
Reprieve for some typically snowy areas
The storm missed some states further north like Iowa and Minnesota that are generally more accustomed to snow. Stu Swanson, president of the Iowa Corn Growers Association, said that eases tasks like moving grain and working with livestock.
He added that without snow cover, the ground is more likely to freeze and thaw in a way that could benefit soils. Two years of drought followed by torrential rains last spring created tire ruts and compaction from farm machinery in some places, he said. He hopes that without as much snow, the freeze-thaw cycle will loosen up the soil and farmers may get the added bonus of some pests dying off before the spring.
鈥淲e don鈥檛 have any growing crop now, so really temperature doesn鈥檛 matter. We look forward to a good freeze,鈥� Swanson said.
鈥楩east or famine鈥�: Extremes and unpredictability worry some farmers
The lack of snow is a greater concern farther north in some parts of Minnesota, where producers do have winter crops like alfalfa or winter wheat.
Reliable snow cover is important in those areas because it insulates soil from cold. A few of inches of snow on top of a field can keep winter wheat鈥檚 crown (which is still underground this time of year to withstand the winter) at 28 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 2 Celsius) even if the air temperature is as low as minus 40 Fahrenheit (minus 40 Celsius), said Jochum Wiersma, an extension professor at the University of Minnesota.
鈥淭here鈥檚 not a lot you can do, unfortunately,鈥� when ice breaks a plant's crown, said Martin Larsen, who grows alfalfa in addition to other crops like corn in southeastern Minnesota. He's concerned about the long-term trends, too 鈥� 鈥� and said he noticed the lack of snow cover in his region then, too.
鈥淲e were so dry going into last spring and we were in the field almost a month before we normally do. I would say that concern exists this year as well," Larsen said.
Gary Prescher, who has been farming a small grain operation for about 50 years in south-central Minnesota, said he's noticed more variability over the past six to 10 years. That's changing his long-term philosophy on the farm. He said he wants to make sure his operation can handle more extreme weather events, and that excess heat, cold, dryness, wetness or wind have 鈥渇orced some changes out here for me and my neighbors.鈥�
鈥淚f you鈥檙e just looking at averages, it鈥檚 very deceiving,鈥� he said. 鈥淚t's either all or none.鈥�
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Melina Walling, The Associated Press
