SEATTLE (AP) 鈥� A federal judge on Thursday temporarily blocked President Donald Trump鈥檚 executive order redefining , calling it 鈥渂latantly unconstitutional鈥� during the first hearing in a multi-state effort challenging the order.
U.S. District Judge John Coughenour repeatedly interrupted a Justice Department lawyer during arguments to ask how he could consider the order constitutional. When the attorney, Brett Shumate, said he鈥檇 like a chance to explain it in a full briefing, Coughenour told him the hearing was his chance.
The temporary restraining order sought by Arizona, Illinois, Oregon and Washington was the first to get a hearing before a judge and applies nationally.
The case is one of and a number of immigrants rights groups across the country. The suits include personal testimonies from attorneys general who are U.S. citizens by birthright, and names pregnant women who are afraid their children won鈥檛 become U.S. citizens.
Coughenour, a Ronald Reagan appointee, began the hearing by grilling the administration鈥檚 attorneys, saying the order 鈥渂oggles the mind.鈥�
鈥淭his is a blatantly unconstitutional order,鈥� Coughenour told Shumate. Coughenour said he鈥檚 been on the bench for more than four decades, and he couldn鈥檛 remember seeing another case where the action challenged was so clearly unconstitutional.
Shumate said he respectfully disagreed and asked the judge for an opportunity to have a full briefing on the merits of the case, rather than have a 14-day restraining order issued blocking its implementation.
Trump's executive order, , is slated to take effect on Feb. 19. It could impact hundreds of thousands of people born in the country, according to one of the lawsuits. In 2022, there were about 255,000 births of citizen children to mothers living in the country illegally and about 153,000 births to two such parents, according to the four-state suit filed in Seattle.
The Trump administration argued in papers filed Wednesday that the states don鈥檛 have grounds to bring a suit against the order and that no damage has yet been done, so temporary relief isn鈥檛 called for. The administration鈥檚 attorneys also clarified that the executive order only applies to people born after Feb. 19, when it鈥檚 set to take effect.
The U.S. is among about 30 countries where birthright citizenship 鈥� the principle of jus soli or 鈥渞ight of the soil鈥� 鈥� is applied. Most are in the Americas, and Canada and Mexico are among them.
The lawsuits argue that the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees citizenship for people born and naturalized in the U.S., and states have been interpreting the amendment that way for a century.
Ratified in 1868 in the aftermath of the Civil War, the amendment says: 鈥淎ll persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.鈥�
asserts that the children of noncitizens are not subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, and orders federal agencies to not recognize citizenship for children who don鈥檛 have at least one parent who is a citizen .
A key case involving birthright citizenship unfolded in 1898. The Supreme Court held that Wong Kim Ark, who was born in San Francisco to Chinese immigrants, was a U.S. citizen because he was born in the country. After a trip abroad, he faced being denied reentry by the federal government on the grounds that he wasn鈥檛 a citizen under the Chinese Exclusion Act.
But some advocates of restrictions have argued that case clearly applied to children born to parents who were both legal immigrants. They say it鈥檚 less clear whether it applies to children born to parents living in the country illegally.
Trump鈥檚 order prompted attorneys general to share their personal connections to birthright citizenship. Connecticut Attorney General William Tong, for instance, a U.S. citizen by birthright and the nation鈥檚 first Chinese American elected attorney general, said the lawsuit was personal for him.
鈥淭here is no legitimate legal debate on this question. But the fact that Trump is dead wrong will not prevent him from inflicting serious harm right now on American families like my own,鈥� Tong said this week.
One of the lawsuits aimed at blocking the executive order includes the case of a pregnant woman, identified as 鈥淐armen,鈥� who is not a citizen but has lived in the United States for more than 15 years and has a pending visa application that could lead to permanent residency status.
鈥淪tripping children of the 鈥榩riceless treasure鈥� of citizenship is a grave injury,鈥� the suit says. 鈥淚t denies them the full membership in U.S. society to which they are entitled.鈥�
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Catalini reported from Trenton, New Jersey.
Eugene Johnson And Mike Catalini, The Associated Press
